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Perioperative medicine is crucial for optimizing outcomes for patients with comorbidities like diabetes and obesity. It involves a multidisciplinary approach to preoperative assessment, intraoperative management, and postoperative care to reduce complications and improve recovery. Diabetes and obesity increase the risk of perioperative complications, such as infections, cardiovascular events, and delayed wound healing. Perioperative medicine ensures personalized risk management, reducing problems and speeding up recovery. This comprehensive approach reduces hospital stays, enhances patient safety, and improves long-term health. This paper investigates preoperative and postoperative care for reducing complications in patients with diabetes and obesity, using interviews and symmetric analysis. Preoperative strategies focus on optimizing glycemic control, managing weight, and addressing risk factors through personalized care plans. Intraoperative techniques maintain hemodynamic stability, minimize insulin resistance, and use appropriate anesthetic protocols. Postoperatively, vigilant monitoring of blood glucose levels, early mobilization, and nutritional support are pivotal for mitigating complications and enhancing recovery. Emerging research highlights the value of rehabilitation programs, tailored pharmacological interventions, and enhanced recovery pathways for high-risk populations. Advancements in minimally invasive surgical techniques and real-time monitoring technologies have shown promise in reducing adverse outcomes.